Federal Bureau of Prisons Essay

The Federal Bureau of Prisons was established in 1930. Its main goal is to provide humane care for Federal inmates. There are 11 Federal prisons in operation. The Bureau consists of 115 institutions, 6 regional offices, a Central Office (headquarters), 2 staff training centers, and 22 community corrections offices. The Bureau of Prisons career opportunities web page is the place where you can learn about BOP careers, the employment process and current vacancies. The BOP career opportunities web page has quick links to: application steps, attorney recruitment, career FAQs, health care careers, job descriptions and job vacancies. The Bureau has approximately 37,700 employees within 115 correctional institutions. The BOP is currently accepting applications for: Chaplain, Clinical Psychologist, Dental Officer, Medical Officer, Nurse Practitioner, Physician Assistant and Registered Nurse. The jobs are accessible through USAJOBS. The bureau has approximately 37, 700 highly motivated individuals working in 115 correctional institutions across the country and a wide range of occupations. Job opportunities within the correctional facilities: automobile, painting, plumbing, carpentry, and electricity. They are always accepting applications for dental officer, medical officer, and registered nurse. Salaries are based on the position and location of the job you are selected to fill. The Law Enforcement Special Salary Rate and Locality pay scale may vary from the General Schedule and Locality pay scale. Salaries for positions such as Electrician, Mechanic, and Plumber, are found on the Federal Wage System pay scale. A variety of health insurance plans are available to Federal employees, with the Government paying about 60 to 72 percent of the cost and the employee paying 28 to 40 percent, depending on the health plan. Basic life insurance is automatic and effective on the first workday the employee is in pay and duty status, unless the employee chooses to waive life insurance coverage. Every employee is guaranteed a life insurance policy. The Government pays one-third of the cost for Basic life insurance. Basic life insurance is the employee’s salary rounded up. After 20 years of service in a position covered by â€Å"hazardous duty† law enforcement retirement provisions is eligible to retire at age 50. BOP has four different work life programs which makes it easier to balance work and family. These programs consist of teleworking, compressed, flexible, and part time work schedules. Under special, limited circumstances, inmates who meet strict requirements may be allowed temporary releases from the institution through furloughs and staff-escorted trips. A furlough allows inmates to be in the community without a staff escort. There are several purposes for furloughs: for example these enable inmates to be present during a family crisis, facilitate re-establishing family and community ties, and allow an inmate to participate in certain activities to help his/her release transition. The Bureau may authorize staff-escorted trips for purposes such as visiting a critically ill family member; attending a funeral; receiving medical treatment; or participating in educational, religious, or work-related functions. The Bureau’s philosophy is to release preparation begins the first day of incarceration, focus on release preparation intensifies at least 18 months prior to release. The Release Preparation Program includes classes in areas such as resume writing, job search, and job retention. The program also includes presentations by community-based organizations that help ex-inmates find jobs and training opportunities after release. The Bureau places appropriate inmates in halfway houses prior to release to help them adjust to life in the community and find employment. Some inmates will be eligible for a release gratuity, clothing, or money for transportation to their release destination. The Inmate Transition Branch provides additional pre-release employment assistance. Many institutions hold mock job fairs to provide inmates an opportunity to practice job interview skills and to expose community recruiters to the skills available among releasing inmates. Qualified inmates may apply for jobs with companies that have posted job openings. This Branch also helps inmates prepare release folders that include a resume; education certificates, diplomas, and transcripts; and other significant documents needed for a successful job interview. Medical, dental, and mental health services are provided to Federal inmates n Bureau facilities. Most Facilities provide one or more primary Physicians who specialize in family practice. Medical officer provide direct service to inmates in Federal prisons (e. g. performance of diagnostic and preventive). Nurses play an important role on patient health, patient safety and patient education. (e. g. observation and evaluation of patients, perform case histories, conduct physical examinations, and order laboratory tests). De ntal officers are responsible for the full range of dental care provided to inmates. Pharmacist provide pharmaceutical care, they are responsible for medication. (e. g. same as nurse). Over 3,000 health care positions are offered. The food service operation within each institution represents a major program area within the Federal Criminal Justice system. The Bureau offers a food service career for correctional cook supervisors in a fast pace and challenging environment. Cook supervisor receive full training and are responsible for serving nutritious meals and provides guidance/direction to inmate cooks, bakers, butchers as well as in sanitation. Meals are served to a population of several hundred to 2,000 per meal depending on size and type of facility. Completion of a 2 to 4 year culinary degree is desirable but qualifying experience in quantity production from the military or food hospital industry is acceptable. Even though cook supervisors are at the entry level position, ambitious and interested individuals can apply for higher positions to Assistant Food Service Manager to the top Food Service Administrator. Each federal prison has its own education department that provides educational and recreational activities to inmates. Inmates are encouraged to adopt a healthy lifestyle through physical fitness, health education and leisure programs. Inmates who participate in industries or vocational training programs are more likely to find and keep a job upon release and less likely to return to prison. The Bureau offers a variety of programs for inmates to acquire literacy and marketable skills to help them obtain employment after release. All institutions offer literacy classes, English as a Second Language, parenting classes, wellness education, adult continuing education, library services, and instruction in leisure-time ctivities. In most cases, inmates who do not have a high school diploma or a General Educational Development (GED) certificate must participate in the literacy program for a minimum of 240 hours or until they obtain the GED. Occupational and vocational training programs are based on the needs of the inmates, general labor market conditions, and institution labor force needs. An important com ponent is on-the-job training, which inmates receive through institution job assignments and work in Federal Prison Industries. Parenting classes help inmates develop appropriate skills during incarceration. Recreation and wellness activities encourage healthy life styles and habits. Institution libraries carry a variety of fiction and nonfiction books, magazines, newspapers, and reference materials. Inmates also have access to legal materials to conduct legal research and prepare legal documents. The Bureau of Prisons has various job opportunities ranging from Automotive to electric and is always looking for professionals in the medical field. There are over 3,000 health care positions available ranging from Dental to nursing. While a job with the bureau of prisons maybe stressful it does offer benefits, such as retirement, paid holidays, flexibility room for growth and retirement options. Each federal prison has its own education department and inmates are encouraged to adopt a healthy lifestyle. It is often found that inmates who participate in industries or vocational training programs are more likely to find and keep a job upon release and less likely to return to prison.

Bond Yields for Johnson & Johnson

Solution to Minicase 5 Bond Yields for Johnson & Johnson Objective: The case enables the student to gain insight into the financing activities of large corporations and to practice calculating bond prices and yields. Computations are carried out for annual and semiannual interest periods, and for fractional periods. Case Discussion: Johnson & Johnson is one of the leading pharmaceutical firms in the world. It is large and financially sophisticated. When it needs to borrow money, it sells bonds where it can get the best deal. Sometimes that means selling bonds to U. S. investors. Other times it means issuing Eurodollar bonds to investors outside the United States. (The text discusses the Eurobond market in more depth in Chapters 20 and 27. ) The student is asked in this case to use the techniques developed in Chapter 5 to calculate the yields of domestic bonds and Eurobonds. The main difference between the two is that domestic bonds pay interest semiannually, whereas Eurobonds pay annually. Due to this difference in the frequency of compounding, the student must be careful to compare the APYs of domestic and Eurobonds when trying to find the lower-cost alternative. Exhibit S-5-1 provides information concerning five Johnson & Johnson debt issues. Answers to Questions: 1. Calculate the APY for each of Johnson & Johnson’s bonds and identify which one has the lowest APY, assuming today is January 15, 2009. Answer: Bond 1, calculate the APY of the 7. 375s23 eurobond. There are 15 coupon ayments left, and the last one was made 2 months plus 6 days ago (66 days ago). Use annual payment analysis; CPN=7. 375% x 1000 = $73. 75. Solve the equation using a spreadsheet with N=15, and f=(66/360)=0. 183333 to find the APY = 7. 3001%: |[pic] | | Bond 2, calculate the APY of the 7. 375s22 domestic bond. There are 27 coupon payments left and the last one was made 17 days ago on 12/29/08. Use semiannual payment analysis; CPN/2=7. 75% x 1000 / 2 = $36. 875. Solve the equation using a spreadsheet with N=(2 x 13. 5)=27 semiannual periods, and f=(17/180) = 0. 094444 to find r = 3. 5198%, so the APY = 7. 1635%: |[pic] | | Bond 3, calculate the APY of the 8. 25s31 eurobond. There are 23 coupon payments left, and the last one was made 8 months and 15 days ago (255 days ago). Use annual payment analysis; CPN=8. 25% x 1000 = $82. 50. Solve the equation with N=23 years, and f = (255)/360) = 0. 708333 to find APY = 7. 8288%: |[pic] | | | | | Bond 4, calculate the APY of the 6. 73s20 domestic bond. There are 24 coupon payments left, and the last one was made 4 months ago (120 days ago). Use semiannual payment analysis; CPN/2=6. 3% x 1000 / 2 = $33. 65. Solve the equation using a spreadsheet with N=2 x 12=24 semiannual periods, and f = 120/180 = 0. 666667 to find r = 3. 6269%, so the APY = 7. 3854%: |[pic] | | Bond 5, calculate the APY of the 6. 85s35 domestic bond. There are 52 coupon payments left, and the last one was made 14 days ago. Use semiannual payment analysis; CPN/2=6. 85% x 1000 / 2 = $34. 25. Solve the equation using a spreadsheet with N=2 x 26=52 semiannual periods, and f = 14/180 = 0. 077778 to find r = 3. 5616%, so the APY = 7. 2500%: [pic] | | The 7. 375s22 have the lowest APY, 7. 1635%. 2. The 8. 25s28 can be called in 2021 at par. Calculate the YTC (yield to call) assuming today is January 15, 2009. Does this change your answer to question 1? Answer: There are 13 coupon payments left, and the last one was made 8 months and 15 days ago (255 days ago). Use annual payment analysis; CPN=8. 25% x 1000 = $82. 50. Solve the equation with N=13 years, and f = (255)/360) = 0. 08333 to find APY = 7. 6871%: |[pic] | | | | | The APY of 7. 6871% is less than the APY of 7. 8288% found for Bond 3 in question 1, but is more than the other bonds. So the answer to question 1 does not change, the 7. 375s22 have the lowest APY, 7. 1635%. Exhibit S-5-1 Terms of Johnson & Johnson Debt Issues ISSUE |MARKET |COUPON |FREQUENCY |MATURITY |PRICE1 | | | | | | |(% OF PAR) | |73/8s 20 |Eurobond |73/8% |Annual |11/09/20 |101. 9785 | |73/8s 19 |Domestic |73/8% |Semiannual |06/29/19 |103. 288 | |81/4s 28 |Eurobond |81/4% |Annual |04/30/28 |110. 1563 | |6. 73s 17 |Domestic |6. 73% |Semiannual |09/15/17 | 98. 1535 | |6. 85s 32 |Domestic |6. 85% |Semiannual |01/01/32 | 97. 0501 | 1 Including accrued inter est.

Question and answer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Question and answer - Assignment Example In this particular sense, standardized nation is imparted to the customer by seeking to employ best practices that will exhibit quality customer care, support, and other related benefits in tandem with the service that is provided. Although it is true that it is more difficult to categorize and classify standards with respect to services, this is in fact being done within a litany of different industries and will be represented more and more in the coming years. The underlying reason for the global matrix design almost always maintaining a transitional nature has to do with the fact that the current rate of business growth and development, not to mention the devolution of consumer demand and dynamics of business, are nearly continually in flux. As a direct result of this flux, it is necessary for the matrix design of any industry or business that seeks to integrate with the consumer to remain relevant and evolve alongside the aforementioned changes. In the eventuality that a global matrix design is not transitional and does not provide a degree of evolutionary change with the aforementioned external forces, it is very likely that the firm or business entity in question will lose its competitive advantage and will be unable to match the consumer demands that are represented throughout the market. This will in turn provide unique opportunities for those firms that do have a global matrix design that is transitional and can react to the unique changes that are being represented. As can readily be noted, the current marketplace is one that requires continual differentiation is means of matching the competition and providing for the needs of the consumer. Because of this, is in turn necessary for the firm to seek to satisfy many different elements of wants. In this way, the reader can come to a further appreciation with respect to the way in which differentiation relates to operation management. Within such a definition understanding, product design,

Current Issues in Business Ethics and CSR Essay

Current Issues in Business Ethics and CSR - Essay Example See the comments alongside the text for detail about course material that really would have been useful support for points you make. You also throw away 10% of the marks available by not writing a self-reflection on your class group presentation. Of the 60 or so students on the module you are just about the only one not to submit a self-reflection- why? "This feedback is being given for purposes of advice and guidance and to assist your learning and development in this module. References to standards or marks are entirely provisional and subject to confirmation following University procedures. Only University Assessment Boards are able to issue confirmed, definitive marks† â€Å"The problem with sweatshops is that there are not enough of them†(Jeffrey Sachs â€Å"The End of Poverty†). In light of the Rana Plaza Bangladesh sweatshop fire that killed 1,100 people (2013) is it wrong to love sweatshops? Business ethics involves the concept of social responsibility towards the stakeholders. The stakeholders include the investors, customers, workforce, and government. They are those people who are involved in the corporate processes and also are impacted from the corporate decisions and any changes that happen in the corporate. Corporate stakeholders are also those people who can affect the corporate decisions and functioning as well (Werther & Chandler et al, 2010). Stakeholders, especially the workforce needs to be given equal opportunities and their rights must not be violated. The workforce drives the corporate functions, especially the people that work in the lower classes as in sweatshops. These groups of people follow orders and work for the production of goods for the company functioning for long hours in a day. The stakeholders of a company need to be satisfied and their demands have to met at all times (Werther & Chandler et al, 2010). This is because as mentioned earlier t hey are very

Management - Individual Business Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management - Individual Business Report - Essay Example The report elaborates on the external environment analysis of Brazil and its suitability for BlueScope to expand. SWOT analysis of BlueScope Steel identifies the internal capabilities and external opportunities, based on which recommendations are forwarded for the Australian company. Why Brazil Brazil, one of the member nations of BRIC, is the largest country in South American continent and also the 5th most populous and largest geographical country in the world. It shares its borders with a host of other nations which provide it a very good international connectivity. Brazilian GDP crosses the mark of US Dollars 1 trillion and boasts off a rich reservoir of mineral resources (Gurmendi 2010). Industrialization is already at peak in Brazil with automobiles, computers, aircrafts and other steel-intensive industries providing expansion and diversification opportunities to steel manufacturers and even those operating in mining industry. In the entire Latin America, Brazil ranks first in the production of iron ore, manganese, aluminium and ferroalloys. Steel production remains one of the top 10 industries and iron ore the second largest exported commodity. It stores 19,500 million tons of iron ore reserves, making it the 6th largest iron ore reserving nations of the world (Gurmendi 2010). These figures present mouth-watering prospects for steel manufacturers and those operating in mineral based industry. This is what which makes BlueScope Steel willing to enter Brazil as a part of its business expansion strategy. PESTL Analysis of Brazil Political States, Municipalities and Federal District constitute the autonomous and non-hierarchical political set up at Brazil. It has a democratic form of government and states enjoy their individual constitutions. As such, laws of States do not contradict with Federal Laws. Civil law is given preference to common law which is favourable to the general public in Brazil. Labour laws are also specialized in Brazil which acts as safe guard to protect the rights of employees and labours against ineffective foreign and domestic employment practices. Economic Economically, Brazil has shown clear signs of good economic recovery and potential to become an excellent investment hub. It has supported expansionary monetary policy which fuels the growth of private consumption and capital formation. Significant improvements in Brazil’s GDP and macroeconomic basics, it is poised to grow at an annual rate of 4-5% throughout 2012. Use of prudent policies led to Brazil’s growth by 2.8% in 2006 and 4.5% in 2007 and due to increase of exports, international expansion and reduction in unemployment, debt-to-GDP ratio and inflation; promise a very good investment opportunity in Brazil (International Finance Corporation 2006). Special legislation to promote public-private partnerships was also passed in the year 2004. To support free trade, Brazilian government is also tying hands with developing nations and getting si gnatories to free trade blocs like Mercosul. Developed industrial sector of Brazil strengthens its economic viability (Gurmendi 2010). Because of dominance of industries like automobile, machinery and equipment, steel, tin, computer, aircraft, etc., Brazil offers tremendous growth potential for steel manufacturers. Socio-cultural Brazil is culturally very diverse with a mix of religions, ethnicities and celebrations. While Catholicism is

Common law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words - 1

Common law - Essay Example ......................................8 5- Vicarious Liability...................................................................................................................9 6- Occupiers Liability................................................................................................................10 7- Strict Liability........................................................................................................................12 8- Negligence and Vicarious Liability.......................................................................................13 9- Bibliography.........................................................................................................................15 Total words: 3725. Task 1: 1-a: Formation of a contract This question is about contract, the problem in this question requires a discussion of offer, invitation to treat, counter-offer, acceptance and in particular the postal rule. Each of these elements will be discussed i n turn and an evaluation of the facts would be made thereafter. Contracts and its formation and giving legal effect to them is a matter which has been scrutinized critically by case law and statutes. The contract being formed is dependent upon an offer, which in turn requires an acceptance upon the conclusion of which question of consideration is concerned (Mackendrick, 2009). As per Professor Atiyah, the issue of offer and acceptance has been determined by courts in two ways, that is ‘reason forwards’ and ‘reason backwards’, the former is where existence of offer and acceptance are determined first and then the conclusion on the dispute is made; the latter is where the courts can reason from the appropriate solution back to the legal concepts of offer and acceptance (Atiyah et al, 2006). Offer has been defined as an intent of readiness on the part of one party who is called an offeror, so as to be bound by the terms that he states, subject to the fact that such an offer is accepted by the offeree (the person to whom the offer is made) unconcditionally. There has been a distinction drawn between an invitation to treat and offer and the former is said to be intent of readiness of a party so as to start negotiations and is therefore not unconditional (Fisher v Bell)1. The two main cases in this respect are Gibson v Manchester City Council2 and Storer v Manchester City Council3. In Gibson, the treasurer issued a letter to G whereby it was stated that the Council may sell the house to him, was construed to be an invitation to treat, this was affirmed by the situation that G was requested to have a formal application for purchase to be made.. The approach taken by the court was that they took the correspondence between the parties into consideration when determining the outcome. Contrary to that the courts, in Storer said there was a contract which was present as the matter had moved beyond the phase of negotiations. An offer should be dif ferentiated from a mere statement of price that is an enquiry as to the price (Harvey v. Facey)4 (Mackendrick, 2009). The courts have found advertisements to be an invitation to treat (Partridge v Crittenden)5, however, interpretation of courts has led to certain exceptions and the reasons cited for it are the intention to be bound and certainty (Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co.)6. Display of goods in shops are generally held to be invitation to treat (Fisher v. Bell) (Furmston et al. 2007). In respect of Doris placing the vase on her shop it would be held to be an invitat

The Role of Academic Qualifications in Becoming a Good Teacher Research Paper

The Role of Academic Qualifications in Becoming a Good Teacher - Research Paper Example The teacher should have a good perception about what the student needs to learn, or learning standards.   Based on that, the teacher should device strategies. The strategies must focus all the students in the class irrespective of the individual differences. Ordinary teachers address only one segment of the class either the average students or the brilliant students. Brilliant teachers formulate good strategies for catering the needs of all the students irrespective of poor, average or brilliant. Only those teachers who were successful in effectively teaching all the segments of the class can be considered as good teachers. The learning process is takes place through the communication between the teacher and the students. So communication has immense importance in the learning process. The teacher must be a good communicator in order to convey the topic effectively to the students. A person with good track records in academics, but a bad communicator, can never be a good teacher. W hatever the knowledge and the skills a person have should be transferred to the students in an efficient manner to become a good teacher.The success of the teacher lies in the methodologies he employed in transferring his expertise on the subject to the students. Some teachers motivate the students to the topic through some interesting experiences in daily life. .In order to teach the physical term inertia, most of the teachers will use interesting experiences form life like what will happen if the driver applies an emergency break.

European System of Balance of Power Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

European System of Balance of Power - Article Example France was very much afraid of Germany after WWI. During the treaty of Versailles, they made their point. After the WWI the French economy weakened day by day. Their demands include the return of Alsace-Lorraine to France, financial and military aid by League of Nations in case of the German attack and should have French control over left bank of the Rhine Republic and Saar. Finally, it has been said that the French asked too much and pushed the Germans to a corner. The US, on the other hand, helped the European community by giving financial aid. They helped the Germans to come out of the financial crisis. The US realized the importance of the United Nations and convinced its allies and enemies to join the group. After centuries of bloodshed on the continent, with reconstruction after WWII financed by the American Marshall plan and protection provided by the American military during the Cold War, old adversaries in Europe achieved reconciliation and integration. Americans see a Germany that was wounded in WWI, destroyed in WWII, and then rehabilitated and protected (in the case of West Germany) in the post-war period thanks to American military might and American money. During the second half of 1944, the Nazi empire gradually imploded as its enemies invaded from east, west, and south. Supplies and manufacturing dwindled on a daily basis. The once mighty had some of the best military aircraft in the world but lacked fuel to fly them and parts to maintain them. Evidence suggests that Chancellor Adolf Hitler himself became addicted to a variety of drugs and that he may also have suffered from syphilis, Parkinson's disease, or both.  

A CATHOLIC WOMAN IN THE AMERICAS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A CATHOLIC WOMAN IN THE AMERICAS - Essay Example econdly, the climate and available natural resources distinctly differ from those found in other parts of the country (‘New England,’ Wikipedia.org). In the 1700s, the New England population was served by merchants, artisans and shopkeepers. Shops bartered imported goods from Britain for crops and other local products like shingles and potash which were then transported to port towns like Boston, Salem, Newport and Providence from where they were exported by merchants to the West Indies on barter trade in exchange for sugar, molasses, gold coins and bills of exchange. Some merchants owned fishing vessels, which they used to transport catches of mackerel and cod to the West Indies and European countries. Other merchants owned saw-mills that used the huge, easily available timber wealth to provide cheap wood that was used to build houses and ships, the latter being sold to American and English merchants (‘Colonial America,’ Wikipedia.org). New England’s Black River Valley located in Rhode Island is credited with being the cradle of the Industrial Revolution in the U.S. on account of the famous Slater Mill, the first water-powered cotton spinning mill in the country that made cloth from cotton. The Slater Mill, set up in 1793, was primarily responsible for making New England a leader in textile production (‘Rhode Island,’ Wikipedia.org). The drawback in the New England economy during the 1700s was that agriculture cultivation was greatly hampered by the region’s rocky soil and unsuitable climate (‘New England,’ Wikipedia.org). As a result, the farmers were able to only grow potatoes and grass like red clover and timothy-grass, the two varieties of grass serving as fodder for cattle. Farming families tried their best to ease their problems by loaning livestock and exchanging surplus goods and labor with one another (‘Colonial America,’ Wikipedia.org). On the political scenario, New England in the 1700s is credited with spawning direct

Reason of brand image transfer between industries Dissertation

Reason of brand image transfer between industries - Dissertation Example The question which is raised is then based on why corporations decide to transfer brands between industries. The strategic implications and the associations with how this relates to the environment becomes the most important aspect while creating a deeper understanding of what the expected results are within the brand image. The ability to develop more insight into brand image transfer is then able to create questions of how corporations can use this for better results when associating with the external environment. ... ?†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦25 Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..26 Type of Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.27 Ethical Considerations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...30 Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦30 Results†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦31 Discussion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..36 Recommendations for Brand Image Transfer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦40 Limitations of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.41 Implications for Future Research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...43 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.45 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..47 Introduction The power of a brand is one which is often recognized as a driving force among businesses that are searching for solutions. The role of the brand becomes even more essential to examine when looking at the transfer between industries and with alternative products and services. The effects which this holds are able to alter both the internal and external environment while creating changes within the industry. Creating effective strategies for brand identity is one which can begin to alter the way in which individuals respond to given situations while creating a different relationship with the strategies that are created with corporations. Examining the

A Semiparametric Analysis of the Relationship of Body Mass Index to Mortality Essay Example for Free

A Semiparametric Analysis of the Relationship of Body Mass Index to Mortality Essay

The Creation Of The Spitfire History Essay

The Creation Of The Spitfire History Essay In 1931 the Royal Air Ministry issues a specification for a new modern fighter plane, which was to be both agile in combat as well as fast, included in the specification was the requirement of a top speed of 251mph. R.J. Mitchell, chief designer at Supermarine Aviation at the time, replied to this specification with his first initial prototype The type 224 was a huge disappointment. After the initial reaction to this plane was received Mitchell and his design team then began to design a radical new plane, The type 300 this plane was also rejected. However the design team of Mitchell continued to develop the plane and added new features into the plane such as; ( The Supermarine S6B 1931 ) An enclosed cockpit, oxygen breathing apparatus. Smaller and thinner wings and the newly developed more powerful rolls Royce PV-XII V-12 engine (1,Wikipedia, November 3rd ). This developed design was accepted by the Air Ministry. On the 1st of December the Ministry issued  £10,000 for the construction of the first Spitfire and the next specification was written based on Mitchells design on January 3rd 1935. On March 5th 1936 the first prototype spitfire took its maiden voyage (2,Wikipedia, November 3rd). After the first test flights went well, the spitfire was then issued for manufacture. One of the biggest icons of aviation was to be placed in massed production; Further official trials were held in May 1936, and in June the Royal Air Force placed a production order for 310, by which time the new fighter had been dubbed the Spitfire. (3. Taylor, Patrick 2010) After this initial order the Spitfires the pilots then began to there training on how to fly them, from here the Spitfire also became the plane which was loved by its pilots. The Creator and Design team R.J Mitchell was a chief designer at Supermarine Aviation before undertaking the challenge of the Air Ministry specification. Although R.J Mitchell was influence during the prototyping of the plane and was highlighted as the creator of the spitfire he died from illness in 1937 and the project taken on by Supermarines new Chief Designer, Joseph Smith. Mitchell never got to see the achievement that his creation would achieve. After Mitchells untimely death Smith and the design team continued to develop the Spitfire during the Second world war and unlike other planes of this period such as the hurricane. Mitchells design was so sound that the Spitfire was continually improved through the second world war whereas its contemporary, the hawker hurricane quickly became obsolete. Over 22,000 Spitfires and derivatives were built. (4,Wikipedia November 4th) Mitchells design was also so robust that the spitfire was redesigned and adjusted to suit many different situations. Out of all these variations the most famous was the Seafire, This plane was adjusted to fly off airplane carriers. Early marks of Seafire had relatively few modifications to the standard Spitfire airframe; however cumulative front line experience meant that most of the later versions of the Seafire had strengthened airframes, folding wings, arrestor hooks and other modifications (5, Wikipedia, November 4th ) The Supermarine Spitfire The Supermarine spitfire is a single seating fighter aircraft that was used mainly in the British RAF. The Spitfire was designed as a short-range high-performance interceptor aircraft (6,Wikipedia November 4th) in conjunction with the Hawker Hurricane they were the basis of Britons air defence against any attacks. However the Supermarine Spitfire was also used for other tasks in the RAF, these would range from interceptor, photo-reconnaissance, fighter-bomber, carrier-based fighter, and trainer. ( 7,Wikipedia, November 4th) The versatility of the spitfires design allowed this to be done. The main event from were the Spitfire began to build its reputation as one of the greatest planes invented was during the battle of Briton off the cliffs of Dover. In the summer and autumn of 1940. (The Supermarine Spitfire in flight ) The German air force aimed attacks at factories, airfields, shipping centres such as Portsmouth were also targeted. The spitfire was one of the main reasons why the British Air forces won the Battle of Britain which highlighted it as a design icon in the future years. After the Battle Of Britain the Spitfire became the backbone of the RAF. And also saw action worldwide due to how successful and well they flew. As the war further progressed different versions of the spitfire were adapted for different missions and conditions. Up to 24 different variations of the spitfire were produced and 20,351 were produced in the 10 year period in which they were manufactured from 1938 to 1948, (8,Wikipedia, November 7th). The spitfire is the only plane that was built, before, during and after the second world war (9,EzineArticles, November 7th). All the spitfires were built to a certain specification and these could be adjusted and altered depending on the situation that the planes may face. The spitfire helped to save a huge number of lives in the period in which it served, regardless of which mission it undertook. R.J. Mitchell and his team had designed and developed one of the solutions that helped to win the second world war for Great Britain and the allying countries. The origin of the Spitfire and its production: The Supermarines were assembled in the west midlands in Castle Bromwich , this factory was equipped with the most specialist equipment available so that all Supermarines that were rolled out of this factory were flyable. It is estimated that this factory cost the government a total of  £2,000,000 however by the beginning of 1939 it was believed the factory may of cost double this. By the time production had finished at Castle Bromwich a total of 12,129 spitfires had been made.(10,Wikipedia, November 24th). However, the making of these planes was not the simple process in which the British government had hoped. As part of a plan to remove Britain of all its prized war resources German Luftwaffe ( The Germans version of the fighter plane during the war) attempted a vast number of air raids in hope of destroying the factories in the Southampton area. The two main factories here Woolston and Ichten provided the bulk of the airplane parts for the Castle Bromwich factory. On September 26th both factories were successfully bombed and wrecked with the loss of 92 lives, and many of the experienced work force injured. (11,Wikipedia, November 24th ) Knowing the inevitable would happen and the factories would be destroyed 6 days prior to the factories being bombed the British government dispersed and relocated many of the jigs and machinery used. The jigs and machinery were relocated to different parts of Southampton. These different parts and workshops became well known for being able to produced individual parts for the spitfire. The four most well known towns with satellite access were: Southampton and Eastleigh Airport Salisbury with High Post and Chattis Hill aerodromes Trowbridge with Keevil aerodrome Reading with Henley and Aldermaston aerodromes (12,Wikipedia 24th November) Without these factories the Spitfires production would not of been to the scale which it achieved. With careful guidance and supervision from the British government, who also funded the factories, the production of parts and the planes themselves were able to also avoid the attacks of the German air force. What made the spitfire a design icon: The spitfires design is noted as the main factor to making it a globally known design icon, one of the most known points of this was the Elliptical wing design. The elliptical wing design was aimed to solve two problems that arose during the designing of the spitfire in 1934, these problems revolved around the need for the wings to be thin, to help with manoeuvrability, as well as ensuring that it doesnt cause too much drag when the airplane is in flight. This provided a stern challenge for Mitchell and his design team with the added knowledge that the wings must be able to carry any extra ammunition and equipment. A feature of the wing which contributed greatly to its success was an innovative spar boom design, made up of five square tubes which fitted into each other.'(13,Wikipedia November 24th). This design allowed for incredible balance and strength in the wings. With the basis of the wings created the design team continued to test and modify during the war. They experimented wi th different angles of which the wings would be set at, and different tips which would be placed on the edge of the wings. A thin cross section on the wings allowed for a faster speed than all of the other contemporary planes at the time'(14,Wikipedia November 24th) . The RAF saw speed as the best form of defence against the attacking German Luftwaffe. Another of the spitfires features was how easily it could be developed adjusted and changed for different missions or conditions that the RAF may need the plane for. In its lifespan 24 different variations of models based upon the Spitfire Supermarine were created due to the design being so successful in terms of flying ability. One of the main reason the spitfire gained fame was how well they flew, the pilots of the second world war adored the spitfire for this reason. (Supermarine Spitfire in flight) The influence of the creation of the Spitfire Supermarine The main influence behind the creation of the Spitfire was the main planes in the German air force, the Messerschmitt Bf 109E and the Luftwaffe. The British government and the RAF saw these planes as a huge threat to Britain and a threat which the Hurricane (The British fighter plane before the spitfire) could not handle on its own. After issuing a specification on a new fighter plane , the British Government gave the engineers and designers of Britain the chance to provide a solution. Which R. J. Mitchell took up and created the spitfire it was a huge leap for British aviation design. The Supermarine type 224 was the first plane and design that Mitchell submitted to the British government. Although this design failed and disappointed it was the basis of the Supermarine Spitfire. After many Cleaned up designs and alterations the improved Supermarine Spitfire was accepted by the British governments and was then placed under test flying after an initial trial order was established. There was no previous plane that the spitfire based its design upon, it was designed by Mitchell and his team from the beginning until the first successful test flight and the further developments during the war, Although Mitchell was not to see his creation fly as he died during the testing process in 1937. What influence the Spitfire had on design. From the Spitfires initial design it helped to influence aviation in a whole new way. Many different variations of the Spitfire were created by the RAF for different missions and conditions. After the war had come to an end the spitfires were still placed into production as RAFs across the world used spitfires as there signature planes until they were placed out of service. The Spitfire also placed belief that British design was able of achieving great things and after the war the world of design took an upwards spiral due to belief in the designers of Britain. The influence of the Spitfire in terms of aviation was also notable, aviation designers paid more attention to the balance and handling of the plane, one notable factor was most aviation designers copied the spitfires wing pattern to increase both speed and stability. The influence of the spitfire was huge as it became a national and worldwide icon it helped aviation to reach new levels and develop further and faster than ever before. Due to the spitfire planes designers could place planes onto air craft carriers which could be designed to withstand long haul flights and carry the needed fuel. The Seafire was an example to this. Conclusion:

Climate Change Policy in the US

Climate Change Policy in the US Climate change to many is a â€Å"hoax† or a daydream, but to others it’s reality. Global warming is the rise of earth’s temperatures through carbon dioxide, air pollutants and greenhouse gases that are collected and trapped in the atmosphere. The pollutants would normally travel to space, but they trap the heat and cause the earth’s temperature to rise. Due to global warming, California has been in a long-going drought, icebergs in Antarctica are melting at a more rapid pace, and has caused disruption in marine-life. EPA, the United States Environmental Protection Agency, and the National Center for Policy Analysis has discussed the problems and solutions that the government and citizens of the world can help the earth in its stop to global warming. Ten of the policies being discussed are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, increase energy efficiency, reduce air pollutants, and much more. The ten policies are: Eliminate all subsidies for fuel use, reduce regulatory barrier to new nuclear power plants, reduce wildfires through Alternative Forest Management, liberalize approval of biotechnology, repeal the National Flood Insurance Program, increase use of toll roads with congestion pricing, remove older cars from the road, reform air traffic control systems, remove regulatory barriers to innovation, and encourage breakthroughs in new technology. The many organizations who wants to inform the world of global warming has fought hard to give the attention that it needs and ways that humans can prevent it. Organizations such as the EPA and the NCPA have given factual debate of global warming and the serious outcomes it could bring and is bringing to the earth. The major debate of global warming policies is the costly measures it will take to protect the earth. There is also debate on if humans contribute to the issue of global warming or not. Many argue that humans can’t have any contribution to global warming, and others disagree. Either way if people believe that global warming is a hoax or not, we as humans should take the initiative to keep the earth clean and green. In 2016, President Obama visited Honolulu, Hawaii as his final family vacation as the president. During his visit, he noticed multiple things that were out of the ordinary for such a place as Hawaii. â€Å"What makes climate change difficult is that it is not an instantaneous catastrophic event. It’s a slow-moving issue that, on a day-to-day basis, people dont experience and don’t see,† says Barack. He also mentions how it is the greatest long-term threat facing the world, as well as a danger already manifesting itself as droughts, storms, heat waves and flooding. (Landler, 2016) President Obama wanted the debate of global warming to be heard before the end of his term. Obama presented ideas to cut planet-heating emissions in the United States. Since his call of awareness, he has been ridiculed by republicans and supported by democrats. Republican, democrat politicians and even economists believe that global warming is a hoax and that Obama is abusing his power a nd this decision could cause harm to the economy Obama said, â€Å"When you see severe environmental strains of one sort or another on cultures, on civilizations, on nations, the byproducts of that are unpredictable and can be very dangerous. If the current projections, the current trend lines on a warming planet continue, it is certainly going to be enormously disruptive worldwide.† Obama’s stance on the state of global warming has yet to change, and would be likely to never change. In 2008, the presidential race between McCain and Obama global warming was brought into debate. They both held the same stance on global warming; believing that it’s caused by humans and Congress should enact legislation to cap greenhouse gas emissions and force polluters to buy and trade permits that would slowly lower overall emissions of climate-warming gases.  (Davenport, 2016) Obama’s cap and trade bill failed through was blocked by senators from the democratic and republican parties in 2010. In the same year, the Tea Party clutched the cap and trade bill as a defense to politics/ the presidency. A year before that, the attempt to construct a United Nation climate change treaty in Copenhagen failed as well. Data proved that U.S. citizens and politician’s opinion on global warming was not the same as President Obama’s, and the discussion of global warming/ climate change fell into shambles. â€Å"There is the notion that there’s something I m ight have done that would prevent Republicans to deny climate change,† Obama said. Republicans, such as Senator Lamar Alexander of Tennessee, were willing to compromise to a more limited climate bill that would restrict emissions only from power plants (Landler, 2016) but Democrats could not agree to such a bill as that. Republican Alexander mentioned, â€Å"The White House wanted 60 votes on climate, and they weren’t interested in Republican votes. Now it’s back to power plant only. The lesson here is that if people who want a result would be a little bit more flexible, they might actually get one.† In Obama’s second term, he took the initiative to cut through Congress with the discussion of global warming/ climate change. Obama and his team establishes the Clean Air Act of 1970 that gives the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the authority to issue regulations on dangerous pollutants. (Davenport, 2016) Obama revealed the Clean Power Plan: a se t of Clean Air Act rules that would end several coal-fired power plants. Many critics imposed that Obama’s plan would damage businesses who flourish on coal-fired power plants. He responded with, â€Å"What we owe the remaining people who are making a living mining coal is to be honest with them, and to say that, look, the economy is shifting. How we use energy is shifting. That’s going to be true here, but it’s also going to be true internationally.† Fast forward to 2017, President Trump has dismantled Obama’s engagement to the stop of global warming/climate change. He has ordered the federal government to retreat from the battle against climate change proposed by Obama destroying the policies that made America a global leader in curbing emissions. â€Å"My administration is putting an end to the war on coal. I am taking historic steps to lift the restrictions on American energy to reserve government intrusions and to cancel job killing regulations,† Trump explained. Following Trump’s order, the government will no longer apply the â€Å"social cost of carbon† (Halper, Trump Orders Government to Dismantle Obamas Climate Change Policies , 2017) allowing for factories, power plants, and  (Halper, Trump Orders Government to Dismantle Obamas Climate Change Policies , 2017) etc to continue to plant harmful gases into the atmosphere. Trump has called for the attention of global warming and climate change to be cut down â€Å"because global warming is a hoax created by China†. Officials have stated that the order instructed from Trump would delete all of Obama’s, EPA, and other environmental agencies work. It has been said that the policies created by Obama and others would cause economic catastrophe. Environmentalists have damned the changes being brought forth by Trump mentioning that the cutback of climate change policies will put humans and the earth at risk, regardless of how long it will take for everyone to â€Å"see† climate change. â€Å"Obama created a labyrinth of rules and orders and regulations to cement his agenda across practically every agency,† Tom Pyle, president of the American Energy Alliance mentioned. Many of the members in environmental agencies agrees that Obama’s plan was for the benefit of human life on this earth and Trump is doing everything in his power to eliminate Obama’s policies. Work Cited Climate Change: Basic Information. EPA. Ed. EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 17 Jan. 2017. Web. 29 Apr. 2017.Forster, Katie. Donald Trump to Scale Back Importance of Climate Change in Government Decisions, Says White House Official. The Independent. Independent Digital News and Media, 15 Mar. 2017. Web. 29 Apr. 2017.Hirschfeld Davis, Mark Landler and Coral Davenport, Julie. Obama on Climate Change: The Trends Are Terrifying. The New York Times. The New York Times, 08 Sept. 2016. Web. 29 Apr. 2017.MacMillan, Amanda. Global Warming 101. NRDC. Amanda MacMillan, 04 Apr. 2017. Web. 29 Apr. 2017.NCPA. Ncpa.org. Fox News, 5 Nov. 2015. Web. 5 Nov. 2015Trump Orders Government to Dismantle Obamas Climate Change Policies. Los Angeles Times. Ed. Evan Halper. Los Angeles Times, 28 Mar. 2017. Web. 29 Apr. 2017.

time travel Essay -- essays research papers

For many years time travel was the stuff of science fiction. This was all just part of the world’s imagination until recently. Scientists now believe that the current laws of physics allow us to travel though time. They believe that we can now travel back to see our founding fathers sign the declaration of independence. We could travel to 2999 to witness the birth of the next new millennium. Such travel would require a machine capable of withstanding great pressures and incredible amounts of speed. The act of actually traveling though time is for the most part, agreed upon, but the implications of such travel is not so decided upon. Many different theorists have different views of what could happen and some go, as far as to say that if we did travel to the past, we would end up in a different universe that is a replica of this one. One of the most basic concepts is that of Dilation, a stretching of something. Some scientists believe that the main gateway to the past or future is a wormhole. Einstein’s general relativity theory explains about universal constants, this is important to understand the concepts of travel at light speed. Traveling to the past could create problems if someone tried to change something. This is a paradox. A few of these paradoxes are explained through the use of quantum mechanics. Sailing though the cosmos at the speed of light with no time passing us by, moving throughout time to witness the ancient Egyptians create their masterpieces. This is an exciting concept that we could actually formulate and make happen. Before the time of Einstein, Newton and other great investigators thought of space as an infinite expanse in which all things exist (Hewitt 213). We are in space and we live in it along with all of the planets and stars. It was never clear if the universe exists in space or space exists in the universe. Dose space exists outside the universe or only within the bounds of it. The similar question, does the universe exist only in time or does time only exist in the universe? Was there time before the universe, and will there be time after it ceases to exist? â€Å"Einstein’s answer to this is that time and space only exist within the universe. There is no time or space ‘outside.’(Hewitt 213)† Einstein said that space and time are two separate parts of a whole called space-time (Hewitt 213). To understand this, consider our presen... ... all his work. His younger self could reproduce the paintings and profoundly and irrevocably affecting the future of art. This would involve no creative energy by the â€Å"inventor.† The reproductions would exist because they are copies from the original and the originals exist because they are copies of the reproductions. No creative energy would ever have to be put forth to create these masterpieces. Because of the chronology principal time travel, by some, has been ruled out. The cosmos await us, and the history of our world is at our fingertips. Would we use this great power for good, bad, and wealth? All we have to do is get in our spaceship, set sail for the nearest wormhole, and hope for a little luck, and we can witness things only told in stories. Only the traveler can decided what he or she wishes to go back for. The theories today state that traveling through time is possible, however they do not say what could be the repercussions of our actions. This great frontier awaits us; we have the knowledge, and are slowly but surly developing the technology. Only time will tell when time itself no longer rules our lives as one of the chief amendments of the universal constitution.

Personal Writing: Living In Both Texas And New York City Essay

Personal Writing: Living In Both Texas and New York City Where a person was born or raised often plays an important role in their lives. There are often comparisons between a urban civilization to rural civilization. Humans adopt to different environments that would be the most suitable for their style of living. Society as a whole didn't tell us where civilization should take place. Choosing the right place for a living depends on the matters of self preference and comfort. Throughout the last decade, I was brought up in two different cities that are thousands of miles apart - - New York City and Houston. The two cities are ranked among the top ten in state / city population, yet there are structures and mainframes which we can soon identify or relate with. Although it's located in different regions, it was beneficial to experience and to taste the variety in culture, way of life, and the school system. I was raised in the central Manhattan of the Big Apple, the city that never sleeps. Mass transit and people had always flooded the streets and intersections. It seemed like everyone were heading for different directions and the citizens of New York City are too busy with their own affairs and does have time to care of what's going on in their surroundings. The citizens of New York City would care less about the traffic safety and reading the traffic signs. The smell of the city reminds me of the honey roasted peanut stands, a sweet scent of aroma that would often fill up the neighborhood. When I close my eyes and think deeply about NYC, there has been a chime in my head of the messengers blowing their whistles to fight in the traffic while slicing left and right to get to their destination. New York City taxi drivers are the "killers" of the rush hour. Taxi drivers within the city are not afraid to use their horn. I must give a great deal of respect to the New York City taxi drivers because they are hard working citizens whom knows what they're doing on the road and they are always providing the fasted delivery from one place to another. Above all, I attended private schools in near the Greenwich Village area of New York City. It's a small area called SOHO, similar to the street of New Orleans. I attended two different catholic schools within five years span. Because most public schools in NYC lacked the reputatio... ... with your own kind" had came across my mind for the first time when I moved to the south. Up in the northern part of the region, people did not care much about what racial group you're attached with. But down here, it seem like a defense mechanism. Transportation was another factor. Subways, taxi, and mass transit city buses are everywhere in the city. Even though it was at a higher expense, people of the city have less time to worry about how to get from one point to another. In Sugar Land, a person without an automobile is just as bad as a handicap on a wheelchair. Although I lived in New York City for several years, I had to consider myself as a Texan because I practically grew up here. From getting my license to getting my first accident, I was raised from adolescent to adulthood in the south. Even though there are many conveniences of living in the city, there are many complications and crimes within. I was happy that I grew up here because I was raised in a calm neighborhood, away from all the deception and chaos. If I had would recommend to any people out there where to reside, I wouldn't hesitate to recommend Texas, the Lone Star State.

Alternative Transportation & Greenways System Plan Essay -- Transporta

Alternative Transportation & Greenways System Plan In Transportation Alternative's "Bicycle Blueprint" for the five boroughs of New York City, John Kaehny, executive director, states: Making greenway networks a reality will require partnership between planners and advocates, on the one hand, and public officials controlling purse strings on the other. Local elected officials, particularly city council members and borough presidents, have to be reminded that greenways can multiply the value and variety of open space in the region at very low cost in public resources; under ISTEA, bike and pedestrian projects may be paid for using a 20/80 local/federal matching formula. What's more, by offering fresh air, recreation, quiet and sheer visual relief, this enhanced open space can increase property values for both residential and commercial uses along the route. Greenways can also save or generate money by reducing infrastructure and energy costs, improving air quality and public health, and boosting tourism.1 Of course, Bloomington is a far cry from New York City but the statements made above hold just as strongly for the city of Bloomington, Indiana as for any other community interested in developing an alternative transportation greenway network. Over the past several months the city of Bloomington has been holding a series of public meetings and discussions to aid Bloomington planners in the creation of a greenways plan for the community. "The city already has miles of alternative transportation routes, including bike routes and lanes, trails, side paths, and multi-use trails, and the idea is to connect the parts," states Tom Micuda, Bloomington Planning Director.2 In fact, even before the public meetings began a grou... ...ricia Collingwood, City of Bloomington Planning Manager, and Josh Desmond, City of Bloomington Senior Planner, at City Hall on March 2, 2001. Follow-up meeting with Josh Desmond on March 30, 2001. Interview / phone conversation with Steve Cotter, Bloomington Parks and Recreation, on March 29, 2001. Johnson, Jennifer. Parking Revenue at $2.5 Million. Indiana Daily Student, January 29, 2001. Johnson, Marda. Ideas Sought to Link Greenways in Bloomington. Herald-Times, February 19, 2001. Johnson, Marda. Greenways Wish List Assembled. Herald-Times, February 21, 2001. Peck, Nick. Motorless in Montreal. Utne Reader, March-April 2001. Stuebe, Gayle et al. "Friends of the Limestone Trail" article from the Herald-Times provided by Scott Burgins. Transportation Alternative's "The Electronic Bicycle Blueprint" at http://www.transalt.org/blueprint/index.html

In The UK A Brownfield Site Architecture Essay

Recently brownfield sites have become popular due to the serious lack in the figure of greenfield infinites on manus for development. This is more outstanding in the built up countries where the demand for residential and commercial belongings is elevated. In 2008 the UK set a mark for brownfield developments. 60 % of all new houses were to be built on brownfield sites. Records show that we have already exceeded that mark and with the rate that we are repossessing brownfield sites at present we should significantly raise that per centum over the coming decennary. The utilizations for brownfield sites are non restricted to residential and commercial edifices. They are frequently considered for renovation into unfastened infinites for diversion, forest and assorted other community related countries. Reclaiming brownfield sites is at the bosom of the UK Sustainable Development Strategy. This â€Å" Development Strategy † incorporates an extended aggregation of economic, societal and environmental aims. Brownfield renovation cleans up environmental wellness jeopardies and eyesores and in making so it promotes community growing and regeneration. Managed efficaciously as a sustainable renovation strategy, Brownfield sites provide low-cost lodging, promote economic growing through locally sourced stuffs fostering local concern ‘ and trades, protect local wildlife and supply environmentally safe countries for households to bask. Furthermore, renovation of brownfield sites can give an country a make-over and can assist direct a message to the vicinity bespeaking the importance of saving and recycling.2.0 Brownfield Land Redevelopment StepsNow that the land has been chosen for the proposed development, a big athleticss Centre within a little town in Scotland, it is of import to set up whether or non the Brownfield site in inquiry is suited for such a development. The proposed site will affect the destruction of an bing edifice. Therefore all planning Torahs must be adhered to and the local planning governments must be notified in composing sketching the purposes for the proposed site. This is of import as particular licenses are required to repossess Brownfield sites. There are a figure of trials and surveies that must be carried out in order to obtain the needed information to find the extent of the decontamination steps required to fix the site.2.1 Demolition and Recycling Existing Building On-SiteIn order to maximize the sustainability of the development it is of import to place, separate and extinguish all risky stuffs from the dismantled waste. Furthermore any recyclables such as masonry debris and other stuffs should be extracted from the destruction waste and can be used in the concrete / asphalt or paved countries around the site. This promotes sustainable development by lending to the authorities sustainability aims of prudent usage of natural resources and protection of the environment. Using low embodied edifice stuffs reduces the CO2 emanations during the building procedure and besides has a positive consequence on the cost of the full undertaking as less waste is sent to expensive landfill. There are a figure of companies within the UK that specialise in building and destruction waste recycling and disposal. These companies work closely with â€Å" Site Waste Management Plans † guaranting that merely risky stuffs are disposed of and everything recyclable is reused.2.2 Designation of Hazardous MaterialsA big figure of stuffs are involved in any physique, hence, when a edifice is being demolished it is of import to place these risky stuffs and dispose of them safely so that they do non go a danger to anybody else in the hereafter. The edifice on the proposed site is a 150 twelvemonth old derelict masonry edifice. The bing edifice is to be demolished and any suited recyclables are to be used in building the new athleticss Centre and any concrete / asphalt or paved countries around the site. In order to place the assorted stuffs it is of import to set a sorting program in topographic point. This will guarantee merely reclaimable stuffs get reused and all risky stuffs are disposed of suitably. The history of the edifice plays a cardinal portion in the types of risky stuffs that can be expected to be found within the edifice. From the period the edifice was built a appropriately qualified professional can reason that the edifice shell itself will lend assorted risky stuffs to the list for safe disposal. These are likely to include asbestos, insularity stuffs, froths incorporating CFC ‘s ( Chlorofluorocarbons ) that are harmful to the O-Zone bed, roofing felts and bitumen. An applied scientist will besides look into the infinite within the edifice to find what risky stuffs may hold been associated with the assorted utilizations of the edifice. The derelict edifice in inquiry was originally used as a fabric mill and subsequently a furniture mill. This would bespeak that risky stuffs such as varnishes, gums, sealers, resin-based floorings and wood treated with chemicals or preservatives may be present from that period of the edifices life-time. In recent decennaries the edifice was used as a truck fix store. This might propose that there may be some taint from oil or lubricators, crude oil and any spillage from auto / truck batteries. It is really of import to prove for the presence of these substances and more as placing the presence of risky stuff is the first measure to decontaminating the site.2.3 Further ProbeFollowing probe into the edifice to be demolished, trials must be carried out on the status of the dirt around the site. It is of import to observe that all Brownfield site renovations come manus in manus with rigorous environmental issues. As a consequence it is recommended that an suitably experient environmental adviser is used. The environmental adviser will hold background cognition of Brownfield developments and will adequately look into any environmental hazards. First they will set about a desk top reappraisal of the proposed site by garnering all historical information available. This may associate to former quarrying or landfill in the country. Second they will fix an environmental assessment study. Contained within this study will be the consequences from extended proving for risky compounds within the dirt, land H2O and surface H2O. If the findings of the study are positive and support renovation on the site, the following measure is redress and riddance of risky stuffs.2.4 Remediation / Elimination of Hazardous MaterialsNow that the assorted risky stuffs have been identified, it is clip to categorise and split them so that they can be safely disposed of. This is what ‘s known as redress. The destruction of the edifice itself should be the concluding measure when uncluttering the site. Initially the edifice should be stripped down with careful consideration given to how each stuff is classed and whether it can be recycled or disposed of. This includes all loose stuff, fixtures, adjustments, Windowss, doors, warming and electrical systems and roofing. Once this has been categorized and divided all that should be left is the edifice skeleton and foundations for safe destruction Up until a few old ages ago redress of Brownfield sites was an expensive procedure. However, recent new redress engineerings have emerged and are cheaper than the more traditional methods. They include:Bioremediation – This utilises the natural procedures of autochthonal bacteriums, micro-organisms, workss, enzymes and Fungis to destruct or neutralize toxins and contaminations.Phytoremediation – This procedure uses workss. The can hive away contaminations in their foliages and roots ( bioaccumulation ) . Some contaminations such as heavy metals can be harvested and mined for reuse ( phytomining ) .In-situ Chemical Oxidation – This procedure injects O or chemical oxidizers into the contaminated dirt or H2O to destruct harmful compounds.2.5 Recycling Masonry RubbleWith a undertaking like this there is serious demand for concrete / asphalt and pavings around the development. Fortunately with the destruction of the bing derelict masonry edifice, a batch of the demand s can be met utilizing recycled masonry debris from the bing edifice. When utilizing recycled masonry debris from destructions such as this it is of import to guarantee that the debris is free from contaminations. Once this is done, the debris is so graded into sums. This is a simple procedure that involves sieve like machines that vibrate, dividing the assorted sized sums and roll uping them with aggregative stuff of similar sizes. The sums can so be used in assorted locations around the site depending on their size and categorization. It is of import to observe that the quality of recycled masonry rubble meets the demand for usage in building roads. Strenuous proving and categorising is required on the sums that are intended for concrete usage within the edifice in order to guarantee the consistence is sufficient. Lightweight sum does non run into demands for usage as a secondary concrete sum as the bulk of masonry stuffs are excessively soft and will adversely impact the strength of concrete merchandises.2.6 Access Roads and PavementsThe bing edifice will hold a figure of entree roads already in topographic point. These roads will hold to be excavated and in maintaining with the sustainable design of the proposed edifice and usage of recycle stuffs in the new physique it is merely suiting that the excavated asphalt should besides be recycled and form portion of the new entree roads and pavings around the site. The industry of asphalt it a really energy expensive procedure as the stuffs involved must be heated to really high temperatures in order to blend together. Therefore, the usage of recycled asphalt for route toppings around the site will hold a cost benefit to the undertaking every bit good as a positive impact on the environment.3.0 Proposed Sports Centre ComplexThe proposed athleticss Centre will be built utilizing low embodied, recycled stuffs where possible paying peculiar attending to the energy public presentation of the edifice. The edifice design will take inactive solar warming into consideration with cleverly positioned Windowss and landscaping throughout the site supplying equal shelter from the elements during the winter months. Sourcing stuffs locally cuts down on conveyance costs over big distances. This automatically reduces C emanations and besides supports the local industry guaranting occupations and community growing. This will be a cardinal constituent in the sustainable edifice of the proposed athleticss Centre.3.1 FoundationsThe best foundation for the proposed athleticss Centre is a raft foundation. Due to the size and graduated table of the proposed physique a raft foundation will let the weight of the edifice to be transferred to the land over a greater country and besides provide a degree surface for which to construct upon. It is of import that there is equal steel support in the concrete to battle land motion. When the recycled masonry debris is graded into sums, some of these sums will be suited for usage in the concrete raft foundation. Recycled concrete sums can replace up to 20 % of virgin sum in concrete within the commissariats set out in BS 8500-2.3.2 Structural Framing / Building SkeletonThe most efficient manner to construct the proposed athleticss Centre edifice is utilizing a steel framed building. The steel construction would run into the spacial demands of the chief athleticss hall, high ceilings with long spans and column free infinite to suit an indoor football pitch or hoops tribunal. Recycled steel would be appropriate here as steel can be used infinite times with no negative affects to its strength or public presentation.3.3 Wall Build-UpOnce the foundations and steel construction are in topographic point it is clip to believe about the external wall construct up. Given the intended usage of the athleticss hall it is of import to utilize a stuff that will non merely be su stainable in its building and difficult erosion but besides have an acoustic quality as the noise generated within the athleticss hall when it ‘s occupied will be of an elevated nature and could interrupt the environing populace. There is a broad array of merchandises available such as concrete blocks with 50 % coarse sums replaced with plastic while still supplying equal strenght but all things considered, I would propose an aerated concrete block. These are among the most environmentally friendly edifice merchandises available. They are formed from recycled stuffs. One of which is Pulverised Fuel Ash ( PFA ) , this is an ineluctable byproduct of the coal-burning power coevals procedure which is usually stockpiled in immense unsightly hills or is dumped at sea. Further heightening the sustainability of this merchandise is the fact that no stuff goes to blow, anything left over when a batch is made automatically goes into the following mix. Besides due to the lightweight of the stuff, more can be loaded onto a individual lorry cut downing the CO2 emanations produced in conveyance and rushing up building. The pit should be 100mm partly filled with natural wool insularity or a similar sanctioned natural insularity or recycled insularity system. The external face of the edifice should be clad with recycled bricks tied back to the internal foliage with acoustically approved wall ties.3.4 Floor Build-UpEach country of the athleticss Centre will necessitate a different finish depending on the proposed usage. The response for case will necessitate to supply a warm and welcoming atmosphere, this can be achieved utilizing rug. Recycled rug is available, this is formed from recycled stuff such as plastic, wool, cotton or nylon and laid on a recycled gum elastic carpet pad. The gum elastic could be derived from any scrap Surs staying on the site from the truck fix store. The changing suites will necessitate a difficult floor which is imperviable to H2O. Many green options are available such as recycled ceramic floor tiles and eco-friendly gum elastic floor tiles. A survey should be undertaken of the concern ‘ in the country in order to make up one's mind which stuff is easiest to obtain with the chase of sustainability in head. If there is a prey nearby it might be an thought to look into rock as a possible stuff for the flooring in difficult have oning countries. Stone has a natural, dateless beauty and a feeling of solid quality which is difficult to fit with any other type of stuff. Unfortunately due to the costs associated with rock it may non be a plausible stuff as it is by no means the cheapest type of shocking to put in or keep. The flooring in the athleticss hall is a specific type of shocking stuff. It has a figure of functional demands associated with it. It must be lasting, smooth and somewhat soft to forestall serious hurt. An ideal surface therefore, would be a gum elastic based surface which can be formed from any bit tyres found on the site. This is a cost good procedure as it is a sustainable usage for the waste gum elastic intending it is non necessary to pay for the safe disposal of the fresh Surs. The recycled gum elastic surface should so sit on some stiff insularity such as woodwool, mineral./rock wool or expanded or extruded polystyrene to increase the thermic public presentation.3.5 Roof ConstructionFor the proposed athletics Centre I would propose a green roof. A ‘Green Roof ‘ is a roof that has a vegetated covering planted over a waterproofing membrane. The roof consists of assorted beds, each with its ain map. The assorted beds cater for drainage, wet, root protection and filte ring. Green roofs have many benefits over traditional or conventional roofs. They offer a longer roof life span, increased acoustic public presentation, improved thermic public presentation in the winter and heat shielding in the summer and as they are populating organisms they retain and store 90 % of rain and storm H2O and return it to the ambiance by agencies of vaporization.3.6 Energy Performance of the BuildingA cardinal characteristic of this edifice is the inordinate usage of recycled and sustainable stuffs in the building. This has a positive consequence on the environment guaranting minimum CO2 emanations are generated in the industry of the stuffs. This is an admirable pattern and it sends a clear message to developers that the usage of recyclables can hold good executions for both the undertaking budget and besides the environment. It is of import to keep this aim throughout the edifices life-time. This can be done by implementing micro renewable engineerings during the building procedure. A edifice of this graduated table is frequently associated with big energy measures. With the monetary values of oil escalating and the UK ‘s dependence on fossil fuels at a extremum, it is critical that this edifice incorporates as many micro renewable engineerings as possible in order to drive the running costs down to a manageable degree. I would strongly propose the usage of solar photovoltaic cells ( PV ) and wind turbines to bring forth electricity along with wood fuelled boilers ( biomass ) connected to a cardinal warming system as the most relevant micro coevals engineerings that a edifice of this nature could profit from.4.0 Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems4.1 Introduction to SudsSustainable urban drainage systems are a new environmentally friendly manner of covering with surface H2O run-off. Traditional drainage strategies lead to deluging, cause pollution and are by and large more expensive to put in. Surface H2O no longer has the chance to soak into the land, alternatively it is collected in a web of pipes along with any contaminations such as oil, solid affair or toxic metals it may pick up along the manner and it is discharged into the nearest rivers or watercourses. Sustainable urban drainage systems replicate natural drainage methods. Water run-off is collected and stored to let natural cleansing to happen prior to infiltration or controlled release to watercourses. As a consequence they prevent pollution, control implosion therapy, recharge land H2O in the natural H2O tabular array and heighten the environment. There are for chief design options. These are:Filter Strips and SwalesFilter Drains and Permeable SurfacesInfiltration DevicessBasins and PondsIt is of import to observe that depending on the needed public presentation of the sustainable urban drainage system, a combination of two or more design options may necessitate to be incorporated in order to accomplish a suited drainage solution.4.2 Filter Strips and SwalesFilter strips and swales are vegetated surface characteristics that drain H2O equally off impermeable countries. Swales are long shallow channels whilst filter strips are gently inclining countries of land.4.3 Filter Drains and Permeable SurfacesFilter drains and permeable surfaces are devices that have a volume of permeable stuff below land to hive away surface H2O. Water run-off flows to a storage country via a permeable surface such as gravelled paving countries or solid pavement blocks with spreads between the single units. When the H2O falls it passes through the surfa ce to the permeable fill in the filter drain. This so allows the storage, intervention, conveyance and infiltration of the H2O ensuing in clean uncontaminated H2O being returned to land.4.4 Infiltration DevicessInfiltration devices drain H2O straight into the land. They may be used either at beginning or instead the overflow can be conveyed in a pipe or swale to the infiltration country. They include soakaways, infiltration trenches and infiltration basins every bit good as swales, filter drains and pools. Infiltration devices can be integrated into and organize portion of the landscaped countries.4.5 Basins and PondsBasins and pools store H2O at the land surface, either as impermanent implosion therapy of dry basins and inundation fields, or lasting pools. These constructions can be designed to pull off H2O measure and quality.4.6 Benefits of Sustainable Urban Drainage SystemsThere are a figure of benefits to put ining a sustainable drainage system as opposed to a traditional / con ventional system. For illustration the cost of linking to ramp cloacas and public drains is avoided and care is simple and inexpensive. Care can be carried out by landscaping contractors without the demand of skilled applied scientists and heavy machinery. When clean filtrated H2O is distributed back to the site it gives the natural flora a opportunity to boom and can make a really pleasant environment for everyone to bask.4.7 Proposed Sustainable Urban Drainage SystemA athleticss Centre will necessitate a figure of difficult surfaces to provide for auto parking. I would propose utilizing solid pavement blocks for the surface in the auto parking countries. A spread must be left between each block leting H2O to filtrate through to an under the surface storage drain which runs to a designated country such as a vegetated or green country. This rainfall run-off safeguard must be implemented in the initial design phase. I would besides propose soak holes / soakaways around the site to filtrate any H2O collected in downpipes around the edifice. With the current clime that we live in it has to be expected that significant rain will fall each twelvemonth. As such, a well designed sustainable drainage system can understate implosion therapy and any incommodiousness that may be caused during times of high rain autumn.5.0 DecisionThe purpose of the brief for this study was to critically analyse and measure the possibilities of renovation on a brownfield site with the destruction of an bing derelict masonry industrial edifice and the building of a new athleticss Centre using as many of the recycled stuffs from the destruction as possible. I approached this undertaking somewhat blind with my basic cognition of brownfield renovation. After researching the subject further I discovered all the environmental benefits environing brownfield renovation. With the worsening handiness of greenfield sites and the turning demand for lodging and community growing, brownfield renovation has got to be at the top of the list where possible in order to continue what natural countries are left. Furthermore edifice on brownfield sites removes unsightly and frequently unsafe creaky edifices and gives local countries a opportunity to renew and make a new image. Decontaminating brownfield sites in a specialized undertaking but the remotion of risky stuffs makes it a safer environment for all concerned. Fortunately new techniques for redress of contaminated sites have made it cheaper. This can be appetising for possible developers looking to spread out their belongings portfolio and as a consequence it can hold a knock on consequence within a community bring forthing occupations and concern for local trade. The brief stated that stuffs from the destruction of the bing masonry industrial edifice must be recycled and used in the building of the new athletics Centre. When the list of stuffs that could be recycled in the bing edifice was broken down, it was found that about everything could lend in some manner to the new physique. This impacts on the budget for the undertaking and in maintaining with the UK ‘s C emanation decrease marks later cuts down on any CO2 emanations that would hold been produced in the industry of virgin stuff. The usage of micro-technologies would suit in good with the overall thought of a athleticss Centre as in my sentiment a athleticss Centre implies wellness and wellbeing which can be related back to the footings â€Å" clean † and â€Å" green energy † associated with these methods and the environment. The execution of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems permits the safe return of clean irrigated H2O back to the dirt. The benefits of cost and minimum care entirely speak for themselves. With four chief design options available I feel it is of import to include at least one system as a drainage solution on sites such as this within little towns in order to continue the local wildlife and let flora to boom free from H2O pollution. All in all I feel that this undertaking were it to be undertake would be really executable. Most of the costs for would come from decontaminating the site. The physique itself would turn out to be cheaper with recycled stuffs already available on-site and given the nature of the proposed athleticss Centre I would non anticipate any issues with the local community as it will supply a safe location for kids and grownups likewise to hang out. The sustainable nature of the proposed physique besides indicates that this edifice is encompassing programs to travel frontward into a greener hereafter and it may put a case in point for future green development within the country.6.0 MentionsBrown, G. , ( 24th September 2007 ) . Gordon Browns First Speech to the Labour Conference as Party Leader. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7010664.stm [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Biomass . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/biomass/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Ground Source Heat Pumps. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/ground/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Solar PV. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/solarpv/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Solar Hot Water. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/solartherm/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Small Scale Hydro. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/hydro/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Wind Turbines. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/wind/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs. The Environment – Waste and Recycling – What Happens to Waste – Construction Waste. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.defra.gov.uk/environment/waste/topics/construction/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Kelly, R. , ( 13th September 2006 ) . â€Å" Zero-Carbon † Homes Plan Unveiled. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6176229.stm [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Lomas, J. , ( 13th December 2007 ) . Public Service Review: Transport, Local Government and The Regions – Issue 11. Making Zero-Carbon Communities. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.publicservice.co.uk/article.asp? publication=Transport, % 20Local % 20Government % 20and % 20t he % 20Regions & A ; id=293 & A ; content_name=Social % 20Housing % 20and % 20Construction % 20incorporating % 20The % 20Carbon % 20Challenge & A ; article=8879 [ Accessed twenties September 2009 ]Lomas, J. , ( 13th December 2007 ) . Public Service Review: Cardinal Government – Issue 15. Meeting the Challenge. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.publicservice.co.uk/article.asp? publication=Central % 20Government & A ; id=287 & A ; content_name=Sustainable % 20Housing % 20and % 20Regeneration & A ; article=8680 [ Accessed twenties September 2009 ]New Forest Passage, ( October 2009 ) . Interesting in Generating Your Own Energy? . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.newforesttransition.org/index.php? /archives/2009/10/12.html [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Sheffield City Council. Sustainable Housing – Code For Sustainable Homes. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sheffield.gov.uk/ ? pgid=67894 & A ; fs=b [ Accessed twenties September 2009 ]Sustainable Build. Types of Construction, Wood Frame Construction. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sustainablebuild.co.uk/ConstructionWoodFrame.html [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]

Art as Expression Essay

The question of what art is cannot be properly answered without asking why art is. Prior to the advent of the written language, art was used as a means of communication, and in some ways, written language is in its own regard, art. Art, then, must be an expression of meaning by the artist, or potentially by the client that artist created the artwork for, but this assumption is altogether too broad. Art is not exclusively a private expression because it is left open to interpretation by the individual who looks upon it, and as such art can then be categorized as the representation through a variety of mediums, of whatever the beholder or artist thinks it should be. Which poses a greater question – is something art if the individual who designed it had no intended message? Or visa versa – is something art if the consumer of the artform does not perceive any message? I was at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art about a two years ago, and they had some very abstract pieces on display, all of which brought forth in me at least some semblance of a response, except for a piece by Robert Rauschenberg, call White Painting [three panel], that began a philosophical debate between my brother and I because I refused to call the â€Å"painting† art. To me, there was no way to interpret the three panels of white, they were simply empty canvases that Rauschenberg sold for substantially more than he bought them for. No soul, or emotion went into the piece and as I understand art, that does not qualify as any more than a man playing a abstraction crazy consumer culture for the fool. To backtrack, art in my eyes is the true expression of an artist to the consumer, for the purpose of provocation; art has to make something well up in a person, even if it is not enjoyment, even if it is sorrow, or anger. Art is the way we have always talked to each other as people, and the pure aesthetic painters and songwriters of the last century do not produce art. Art is emotion and passion mixing into something for others to partake in; there is no private art, there is only art that no one else has applied their own perceptions to yet.

Early Childhood Education: Child Protection Essay

Every child has the right to a full and productive life. Under the national framework for Protecting Australia’s Children (2009), protecting children is everyone’s responsibility: Parents, communities, governments and businesses all have a role to play. Children’s services have an important part to play in protecting children who may be at risk of harm or illness. Educators have a duty of care to protect and preserve the safety, health and wellbeing of all children in their care and must always act in their best interests. Policies have been developed at a local, state and federal level to provide a foundation for improving and maintaining the safety and wellbeing of Australia’s young people. The purpose of this report is to analyse six of these policies effectively fostering children’s wellness at a physical and emotional level. The policies have been sourced from, and are underpinned by the following policies and legislation: ? A local early childhood kindergarten and long day care centre service policies ? The Children, Youth and Families Act (2005) ?National framework for Protecting Australia’s Children (2009) ? The Children’s Services Act (1996) ?Aboriginal Cultural Competence Framework (2008) Values that underpin these policies: Each of the six policies selected specifically addresses educator interest and is a key facet of the service, state and federal policy and legislation. Collectively the policies attend to and interpret issues of children’s safety, stability and development. In other words, when policy development was occurring due consideration and value was given to child safety, stability of relationships in a stable environment, child development, and child health and wellbeing. These dimensions of safety, stability, development and wellbeing are understood in the context of whom the child is; that is their age and stage, identity and their culture. These elements concerning the identity of the child are fundamental to two of the six policies. The Aboriginal Cultural Competence Framework and ‘Day and Nights childcare and Kindergarten (DNCK)’ service Diversity and Equity policy reflect a strong sense of social justice, fairness and equity, and furthermore are free from prejudice. They both value the child as a whole, advocating for all children’s rights. It is not a question of being ‘politically correct’ but rather respecting the unique identity of each and every child. Similarly part 1. 2- principles ‘The decision makers to have regard to principles’ of the Children, Youth and Families Act 2005, place significant value to protecting and promoting the cultural and spiritual identity of children, and whenever possible, maintaining and building children’s connections to their family and community. As advocated for in the ‘Early years Learning Framework’, knowing where and with whom you belong (identity, stability, and wellbeing) is integral to human existence (2009). Focusing more on children’s wellbeing, that is the child’s physical and emotional wellbeing, the DNCK ‘Child protection policy’ and the ‘Child protection policy’ sourced from Protecting the safety and wellbeing of children and young people, reinforce and emphasise that all children need stable, sensitive, simulating relationships and environments in order to reach their full potential. The nucleus of both policies is the child and in order to see to the needs of the child each policy has placed a well-founded and substantial value on the role of educators, stating â€Å"the role of staff member in children’s services is to protect, nurture, recognise and support the needs of children in their care† (Protecting the safety and wellbeing of children and young people, 2010, p19). Educators have an ethical responsibility and a duty of care to see that this is done. Furthermore qualified teachers (Degree qualified or higher) are mandated, therefore are legally responsible for the care and protection of children within their care. In addition to this, Part 4- Operation of children’s services of the Children’s Services Act 1996, places an emphasis on the protection of children from hazards within the service. Legislators again place value on the role of the educator, stating, quite strongly that â€Å"Staff members of a children’s service must ensure that every reasonable precaution is taken to protect a child†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Children’s Services Act, 1996, p27) Though the previous two policies had provisions for the emotional wellbeing of the child, this policy places equal value to the physical wellbeing of the child. What precipitated the development of the policy? Australia began to acknowledge the existence of child protection issues during the 1960’s, which led to legislative reform and Australia signing the ‘United Nations Declaration of the rights of the child’ in 1981 (McCallum, 2002). In recent years there has been an increased awareness of child protection emerging from increased incidents of child harm and abuse and intensified research. During this time, policy makers and service providers have developed a greater understanding of children’s needs and have come together to bring us our current policies. Further investigation into the development of each of the six child safety/protection policies; found that they are manifestations of each other. For instance without the Children’s Services Act 1996 and the Children, Youth and Families Act 2005, the DNCK child protection policy would not have been developed as now services have a legal responsibility to have current and relevant policies within their service. Moreover without the Aboriginal Cultural Competence Framework the DNCK diversity and Equity policy would as not have been developed to such a high standard. Who benefits/ who is disadvantaged? It is quite evident who is benefited from these policies. These mainstream children’s services approaches and policies emphasise children within a holistic and ecological framework. The holistic approach means looking at the whole child, that is, their identity, culture, community, age, development; all areas within the Early Years Learning Framework for Australia. The holistic approach also implies that educators will have a community-focused and strength-based understanding of children’s welfare that necessitates previous attempts at early childhood education. In addition to this with a greater understanding to the importance of culture to a child’s identity, the Aboriginal Cultural Competence Framework has provided a source where the dynamics of cultural connection can be explored. This benefits all children, including Aboriginal children and the broader community, as it represents children’s cultural needs in the following way. Children’s cultural needs are: Cultural Expression and Events Language, cultural values, lore, beliefs and practices Country Extended family, clan and community History. Symbolic (Aboriginal Cultural Framework, 2008, p19) It is important to note that because of these six policies an increase of awareness of the needs of the child has been developed, and as such children have: ? Freedom from hunger and have protection from diseases ?The rights to an identity and to preserve such an identity ? The right to equal treatment regardless of gender, race or cultural background ? The right to safe exposure to leisure, play, culture and art ? Freedom from violence, abuse and neglect ?The rights to culturally competent practice When asked if anyone would be disadvantaged by the implementation of these policies, the immediate response would have been no. Upon critical investigation, it was found that the educators themselves may feel disadvantaged. Though there is no provision for this within the policies, it is strongly implied that the implementation of each policy at a service level would need to be done by the children’s carers and educators. This may expand workloads, increase the need for professional development and training, and compel educators into uncomfortable situations (e.g. , having to call protective services on a family they like). The applicability for rural setting Due to the nature of the six policies, regardless of where the service is, each would be applicable for a rural setting. All children’s services must comply with the Children’s Services Act 1996, and the Children’s Services Regulations. The primary objective of this legislation is that children are safe and that their developmental needs are met when being cared for and educated in a licensed children’s service. The Act provides for the monitoring, licensing and regulation of children’s services in Victoria, where a licensee fails to meet their legislative obligations there a range of statutory actions that may be taken by the Department (DEECD, 2010). Encouragingly the Department has a number of initiatives to support children’s services meet the requirements of the Act and the Regulations. Small capital grants and resource kits are available to assist services. Furthermore professional development will soon be delivered across Victoria on the Early Years Framework. Until the transition into the framework all children’s services will continue to be regulated by the Children’s Services Act and the Children’s Services Regulations (DEECD, 2010). Conclusion: Every child has the right to a full and productive life. The Aboriginal Cultural Framework, The service Diversity and Equity policy, The Children, Youth and Families Act, the service Child Protection Policy, the child protection policy sourced from Protecting the safety and Wellbeing of Children and Young People, and the Children’s Services Act, ensures that this will happen. It has been identified that children’s services have an important part to play in protecting children who may be at risk of harm or illness. Under these frameworks, protection for children’s safety and wellbeing will one day become a natural procedure for educators. Key policy makers have attempted to make certain that educator’s roles and responsibilities are well defined ensuring that this may happen. Overall each of the six policies makes provisions for children’s welfare, children’s identity, children’s wellbeing, children’s safety, children’s culture and stability. These are central concepts to Belonging, Being and Becoming, which will soon become the regulatory body for children’s services across Australia. References: †¢Murphy, M. (2011). Bacchus Marsh Childcare and Kindergarten service policies. Bacchus Marsh: Victoria. †¢Department of Education and Early Childhood Development & Department of human Services. (2010). Protecting the safety and wellbeing of children and young people. Melbourne. †¢Department of Education and Early Childhood Development. (2010). Publication of information. Fact sheet. Sourced 10/4/2011 www. education. vic. gov. au/escmanagement/licensedchildservices †¢Department of Education and Early Childhood Development. (2010). Regulations update. Children’s Services. Issue 2. Sourced 10/4/2011 http://www/eduweb. vic. gov. au/edulibrary/public/earlychildhoodregulations/regupdateapril10. pdf †¢McCallum, F. (2002). Law, Policy, Practice: Is it working for teachers in child protection. University of South Australia †¢Victorian Government Department of Human Services. (2008). Aboriginal Cultural Competence Framework. Melbourne: Vic †¢Victorian Government. (2005). Children, Youth and Families Act 2005.